Oliver Clark Shoes Are Made By Hand. The Soles Are Hand cut and ground From Leather And Wood And Are Goodyear Welted, Or Welt Stitched And Cemented. The Uppers Are hand cut then Machine Sewn By Hand. All leather is premium dye nubuck treated to application. The Shoes Are Made In an Equestrian specialized shop In Northern India. The Leathers Are Sourced From Italy, India and the U.S.A. The complete hand made aspect of oliver clark is what gives each shoe its own feel and softness. With welted sole construction the shoes are meant to last and be re-soled when the time comes.